Elon Musk has recently shared that a third individual has received an implant from Neuralink, his brain-computer interface company. This development is part of a broader movement where various organizations are working to create connections between the nervous system and technology.
During an interview streamed on his social media platform, X, Musk mentioned that, “We’ve got three humans with Neuralinks and all are working well.” He pointed out that since the first brain implant was performed about a year ago, Neuralink has improved its devices by adding more electrodes, increasing bandwidth, and extending battery life. Musk also expressed the aim for the company to implant these experimental devices in 20 to 30 more individuals this year.
Details about the latest patient were not disclosed, but there were updates on the two previously implanted individuals. The second recipient, who suffered a spinal cord injury, has been able to play video games using the device and is learning to design 3D objects with computer-aided design software. The first patient, also paralyzed due to a spinal cord injury, shared his experience of playing video games and chess thanks to the implant.
While Neuralink garners attention for these advancements, many other companies and research institutions also focus on similar technologies. Last year, studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine highlighted how brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have improved communication for people with ALS.
In the U.S., over 45 trials involving BCIs are currently in progress, aimed at treating brain disorders and aiding recovery from brain injuries. Researchers have demonstrated that individuals can successfully control computer cursors through BCIs. Rajesh Rao, co-director of the Center for Neurotechnology at the University of Washington, noted that Neuralink’s approach is unique because it utilizes a robot for the implant surgery, which is designed to insert flexible electrode threads into the brain. These threads may also capture signals from a greater number of neurons compared to other technologies.
However, Rao acknowledged that competitors like Synchron and Blackrock Neurotech are already conducting trials using less invasive and more versatile methods.
Marco Baptista, the chief scientific officer of the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, expressed enthusiasm for BCI technology. He recognized its potential to transform the lives of individuals with paralysis. According to Baptista, upcoming clinical trials will clarify which methods are the most effective. His foundation supports high-risk and high-reward research endeavors but has not provided funding to Neuralink specifically.
In terms of regulatory measures, Neuralink received permission in 2023 from U.S. authorities to begin human trials. Unlike most medical devices that enter the market without extensive clinical studies, high-risk devices must undergo rigorous approval processes. Dr. Rita Redberg, a cardiologist at the University of California, emphasized that the FDA is involved in overseeing every aspect of these trials, from patient recruitment to data analysis, ensuring that safety remains a top priority.
Redberg also mentioned the essential role of institutional review boards (IRBs) in research involving human participants. These boards aim to evaluate the risk versus benefit of the studies and ensure that participants are fully informed before enrolling.
In conclusion, the advancements in brain-computer interface technology, particularly from Neuralink, are poised to potentially revolutionize care for individuals with severe injuries. However, as this emerging field continues to grow, it remains essential for researchers and companies to prioritize safety and ethical considerations in their pursuit of innovative solutions.
